Alfa-Bank

Russia's largest private bank, founded by billionaire Mikhail Fridman. In 2016, cybersecurity researchers identified unusual DNS lookups between Alfa-Bank servers and a Trump Organization email server, triggering FBI investigation. The Mueller Report documented that Alfa-Bank co-founder Petr Aven was directed by Putin to establish a communications channel with the Trump transition team through lobbyist Richard Burt. Aven and Fridman were sanctioned by EU, US, and UK following the 2022 Ukraine invasion.